Xi Jinping's speech on science & tech on May 28, 2021
Xi Jinping's speech on science & tech on May 28, 2021
To top scientists & engineers (Academicians) and China Association for Science and Technology
Below is the full translation of the May 28, 2021, speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping at a meeting conflating the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the national congress of China Association for Science and Technology.
Please note this is a personal translation published on a personal newsletter with no authorization from anybody other than your Pekingnologist, who deems the speech is of importance and interest to a wider audience, as it offers China’s authoritative, comprehensive assessment of its success in science and technology and future priorities.
Nobody else proofread this, so errors inevitably exist.
The speech, in Mandarin, was published by Xinhua on May 28. A booklet dedicated to the speech, published by the People's Publishing House, is available at Xinhua Bookstore outlets across the country, Xinhua reported in English on June 2.
The full English translation without the original Mandarin is available in a PDF file shared on Google Drive.
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各位院士，同志们，朋友们：
Fellow Academicians, Comrades, and Friends:
今天，中国科学院第二十次院士大会、中国工程院第十五次院士大会和中国科协第十次全国代表大会隆重开幕了。这是我们在“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇点、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的重要时刻，共商推进我国科技创新发展大计的一次盛会。
Today, the 20th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 15th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 10th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology open. This is a grand event to discuss the development of science and technology innovation - at the historical intersection of our two centennial goals (ENG, Xinhua) and in the important moment in the opening of a new journey to build a modern socialist country.
首先，我代表党中央，向大会的召开，表示热烈的祝贺！向在各个岗位辛勤奉献的科技工作者，致以诚挚的慰问！5月30日是第五个全国科技工作者日，我向全国广大科技工作者，致以节日的问候！
First of all, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, to the General Assemblies held, I express warm congratulations! To the hard-working science and technology workers in various positions, I send sincere greetings! May 30 is the fifth National Science and Technology Workers' Day, I send holiday greetings to them nationwide!
今年是中国共产党成立一百周年。在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期，我们党都高度重视科技事业。从革命时期高度重视知识分子工作，到新中国成立后吹响“向科学进军”的号角，到改革开放提出“科学技术是第一生产力”的论断；从进入新世纪深入实施知识创新工程、科教兴国战略、人才强国战略，不断完善国家创新体系、建设创新型国家，到党的十八大后提出创新是第一动力、全面实施创新驱动发展战略、建设世界科技强国，科技事业在党和人民事业中始终具有十分重要的战略地位、发挥了十分重要的战略作用。
This year marks the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. During the various historical periods of revolution, construction and reform, our party attached great importance to scientific and technological undertakings. We attached great importance to the work of intellectuals during the revolutionary period, blew the horn of "marching into science" after the founding of New China, and put forward the judgment that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" after the reform and opening up. We initiated the knowledge innovation project beginning in the new (21st) century, the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and the strategy of strengthening the country with talents. We constantly improved the national innovation system and built an innovative country. After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (in 2012), we proposed that “innovation is the first driving force,” fully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, and (proposed) building a world power in science and technology. Science and technology have always taken a very important, strategic position in the cause of the Party and the people, and have played a very important, strategic role.
党的十九大以来，党中央全面分析国际科技创新竞争态势，深入研判国内外发展形势，针对我国科技事业面临的突出问题和挑战，坚持把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，全面谋划科技创新工作。我们坚持党对科技事业的全面领导，观大势、谋全局、抓根本，形成高效的组织动员体系和统筹协调的科技资源配置模式。我们牢牢把握建设世界科技强国的战略目标，以只争朝夕的使命感、责任感、紧迫感，抢抓全球科技发展先机，在基础前沿领域奋勇争先。我们充分发挥科技创新的引领带动作用，努力在原始创新上取得新突破，在重要科技领域实现跨越发展，推动关键核心技术自主可控，加强创新链产业链融合。我们全面部署科技创新体制改革，出台一系列重大改革举措，提升国家创新体系整体效能。我们着力实施人才强国战略，营造良好人才创新生态环境，聚天下英才而用之，充分激发广大科技人员积极性、主动性、创造性。我们扩大科技领域开放合作，主动融入全球科技创新网络，积极参与解决人类面临的重大挑战，努力推动科技创新成果惠及更多国家和人民。
Since the 19th National Congress of the CPC, the CPC Central Committee has comprehensively analyzed the competitive situation of international scientific and technological innovation, deeply studied the development situation at home and abroad, and insisted on putting scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country in view of the outstanding problems and challenges faced by China's scientific and technological undertakings, and comprehensively planned the work of scientific and technological innovation. We adhered to the Party's overall leadership over scientific and technological undertakings, observed the general trend, sought the overall situation, and grasped the fundamentals; we formed an efficient organization and mobilization system and a coordinated allocation model of scientific and technological resources. We firmly grasped the strategic goal of building a world power in science and technology, seized the opportunities of global science and technology development with a sense of mission, responsibility, and urgency, and strived bravely in the basic frontier fields. We gave full play to the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, strived to make new breakthroughs in original innovation, achieved leap-forward development in important scientific and technological fields, promoted the independent control of key core technologies, and strengthened the integration of the industrial chain and the innovation chain. We fully deployed the reform of the scientific and technological innovation system and introduced a series of major reform measures to enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. We focused on implementing the strategy of strengthening the country with talents, creating a good ecological environment for talents and innovation, bringing together talents from all walks of life, and fully stimulating the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of researchers. We expanded open cooperation in the field of science and technology, actively integrated into the global science and technology innovation network, actively participated in solving the major challenges facing mankind, and strived to promote scientific and technological innovation achievements to benefit more countries and people.
2016年我们召开了全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会和中国科协第九次全国代表大会，2018年我们召开了两院院士大会。几年来，在党中央坚强领导下，在全国科技界和社会各界共同努力下，我国科技实力正在从量的积累迈向质的飞跃、从点的突破迈向系统能力提升，科技创新取得新的历史性成就。
In 2016, we held the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the Ninth National Congress of China Association for Science and Technology, and in 2018, we held the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In recent years, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the joint efforts of the scientific and technological circles and all sectors of society, our country’s scientific and technological strength is moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, from breakthroughs in individual points to improvement in systematic capabilities, and new historic achievements have been made in scientific and technological innovation.
——基础研究和原始创新取得重要进展。基础研究整体实力显著加强，化学、材料、物理、工程等学科整体水平明显提升。在量子信息、干细胞、脑科学等前沿方向上取得一批重大原创成果。成功组织了一批重大基础研究任务，“嫦娥五号”实现地外天体采样返回，“天问一号”开启火星探测，“怀柔一号”引力波暴高能电磁对应体全天监测器卫星成功发射，“慧眼号”直接测量到迄今宇宙最强磁场，500米口径球面射电望远镜首次发现毫秒脉冲星，新一代“人造太阳”首次放电，“雪龙2”号首航南极，76个光子的量子计算原型机“九章”、62比特可编程超导量子计算原型机“祖冲之号”成功问世。散裂中子源等一批具有国际一流水平的重大科技基础设施通过验收。
——Significant progress has been made in basic research and original innovation. The overall strength of basic research has been significantly strengthened, and the overall level of chemistry, materials, physics, engineering, and other disciplines has been significantly improved. A number of important original achievements have been made in the frontier directions of quantum information, stem cells, and brain science. We successfully organized a number of major basic research tasks. We realized the sampling and the return of the sample from an extraterrestrial celestial body through Chang'e 5. We started Mars exploration via Tianwen-1. We launched Huairou-1 - China's Gravitational wave high energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM). Our Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) also known as Insight directly detected the strongest magnetic field in the universe so far. Our Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) discovered millisecond pulsars for the first time. Our new generation of "Artificial Sun" discharged for the first time. Our "Snow Dragon 2" embarked on its first voyage to the Antarctic. The 76-photon quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapters" and the 62-bit programmable superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zu Chongzhi" were successfully launched A number of major scientific and technological infrastructures at the international first-class level, such as the China Spallation Neutron Source, have passed the acceptance test.
——战略高技术领域取得新跨越。在深海、深空、深地、深蓝等领域积极抢占科技制高点。“海斗一号”完成万米海试，“奋斗者”号成功坐底，北斗卫星导航系统全面开通，中国空间站天和核心舱成功发射，“长征五号”遥三运载火箭成功发射，世界最强流深地核天体物理加速器成功出束，“神威·太湖之光”超级计算机首次实现千万核心并行第一性原理计算模拟，“墨子号”实现无中继千公里级量子密钥分发。“天鲲号”首次试航成功。“国和一号”和“华龙一号”三代核电技术取得新突破。
——A new leap has been made in the strategic high-tech field. We actively seized the commanding heights of science and technology in the deep sea, deep space, deep earth, and deep blue. The Haidou 1 completed the 10,000-meter deep-sea trial. The manned submersible Fendouzhe, or Striver, made a 10,909-meter dive at Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean. The Beidou satellite navigation system was fully opened. The Tianhe core module cabin of the Chinese space station was successfully launched. The "Long March 5" Y3 carrier rocket was successfully launched, and the JUNA (Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics collaboration) 400kV accelerator installed at China Jinping deep underground Laboratory (CJPL) delivered its first intense beam. The Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer realized the Million Core Parallel First-principles Computing Simulation for the first time, and the "Mozi" realized thousand-kilometer-class non-relay quantum secure communication. The first sea trial of "Tiankun" was successful. New breakthroughs have been made in the third-generation nuclear power technologies of "Guohe One" and "Hualong One".
——高端产业取得新突破。C919大飞机准备运营，时速600公里高速磁浮试验样车成功试跑，最大直径盾构机顺利始发。北京大兴国际机场正式投运，港珠澳大桥开通营运。智能制造取得长足进步，人工智能、数字经济蓬勃发展，图像识别、语音识别走在全球前列，5G移动通信技术率先实现规模化应用。新能源汽车加快发展。消费级无人机占据一半以上的全球市场。甲醇制烯烃技术持续创新带动了我国煤制烯烃产业快速发展。
——New breakthroughs have been made in high-end industries. C919 large aircraft is ready for operation, and the 600km/h high-speed maglev test prototype train successfully trial-ran, and the largest shield tunneling machine rolled off production smoothly. Beijing Daxing International Airport was officially put into operation, and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was put into operation. Intelligent manufacturing has made great progress, artificial intelligence and the digital economy are booming, image recognition and speech recognition are at the forefront of the world, and our 5G mobile communication technology is the first in the world to achieve large-scale application. The development of new energy vehicles has been accelerated. Our consumer drones account for more than half of the global market. The continuous innovation of methanol-to-olefin technology has driven the rapid development of our country's coal-to-olefin industry.
——科技在新冠肺炎疫情防控中发挥了重要作用。科技界为党和政府科学应对疫情提供了科技和决策支撑。成功分离出世界上首个新冠病毒毒株，完成病毒基因组测序，开发一批临床救治药物、检测设备和试剂，研发应用多款疫苗，科技在控制传染、病毒溯源、疾病救治、疫苗和药物研发、复工复产等方面提供了有力支撑，打了一场成功的科技抗疫战。
——Science and technology have played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Scientific and technological circles have provided scientific and technological support and decision support for the Party and the government to deal with COVID-19 scientifically. We successfully isolated the world's first COVID-19 strain, completed the viral genome sequencing, developed a batch of clinical treatment drugs, testing equipment, and reagents, and developed and applied a variety of vaccines. Science and technology provided strong support in controlling infection, virus origin tracing, disease treatment, vaccine and drug R&D, and the resumption of work. We fought a successful war against COVID-19 with science and technology.
——民生科技领域取得显著成效。医用重离子加速器、磁共振、彩超、CT等高端医疗装备国产化替代取得重大进展。运用科技手段构建精准扶贫新模式，为贫困地区培育科技产业、培养科技人才，科技在打赢脱贫攻坚战中发挥了重要作用。煤炭清洁高效燃烧、钢铁多污染物超低排放控制等多项关键技术推广应用，促进了空气质量改善。
——Significant scientific and technological achievements have been made for people's livelihood. Significant progress has been made in the localization of high-end medical equipment such as medical heavy ion accelerator, magnetic resonance imaging, color ultrasound, and CT (computed tomography). We used scientific and technological means to build a new model of precise poverty alleviation, and cultivated scientific and technological businesses and talents for poor areas, with science and technology playing an important role in winning the battle against poverty. The popularization and application of many key technologies, such as clean and efficient coal combustion and multiple-pollutant ultra-low emission control in steel mills, have contributed to the improvement of air quality.
——国防科技创新取得重大成就。国防科技有力支撑重大武器装备研制发展，首艘国产航母下水，第五代战机歼20正式服役。东风－17弹道导弹研制成功，我国在高超音速武器方面走在前列。
——Significant achievements have been made in national defense science and technology innovation. National defense science and technology strongly supported the research and development of major weapons and equipment. The first domestic aircraft carrier was launched, and the fifth-generation fighter J-20 officially entered service. Dongfeng-17 ballistic missile has been successfully developed, and our country is at the forefront in hypersonic weapons.
实践证明，我国自主创新事业是大有可为的！我国广大科技工作者是大有作为的！我国广大科技工作者要以与时俱进的精神、革故鼎新的勇气、坚忍不拔的定力，面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，把握大势、抢占先机，直面问题、迎难而上，肩负起时代赋予的重任，努力实现高水平科技自立自强！
Facts have proved that our country's independent innovation is promising! Our country's vast scientific and technological workers are promising! With the spirit of keeping pace with the times, the courage to discard the old and introduce the new, and perseverance, the scientific and technological workers in our country shall face the forefront of the world's science and technology, the main economic battlefield, the major needs of the country, and the people's lives and health, grasp the general trend, seize the opportunities, tackle problems head-on, face up to difficulties, shoulder the heavy responsibility afforded by the times, and strive to achieve high-level science and technology self-reliance!
各位院士，同志们、朋友们！
Fellow Academicians, Comrades, and Friends!
当今世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，国际环境错综复杂，世界经济陷入低迷期，全球产业链供应链面临重塑，不稳定性不确定性明显增加。新冠肺炎疫情影响广泛深远，逆全球化、单边主义、保护主义思潮暗流涌动。科技创新成为国际战略博弈的主要战场，围绕科技制高点的竞争空前激烈。我们必须保持强烈的忧患意识，做好充分的思想准备和工作准备。
Nowadays, the world has experienced changes unseen in a century. The international environment is complicated, the world economy is in a downturn, the global industrial chain and supply chain are facing reshaping, and the instability and uncertainty are conspicuously increasing. The impact of COVID-19 is extensive and far-reaching, and anti-globalization, unilateralism and protectionism are surging as undercurrents. Scientific and technological innovation has become the main battlefield of the international strategic game, and the competition around the commanding heights of science and technology is unprecedentedly fierce. We must maintain a strong sense of vigilance and make adequate preparations in thoughts and work.
当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革突飞猛进，科学研究范式正在发生深刻变革，学科交叉融合不断发展，科学技术和经济社会发展加速渗透融合。科技创新广度显著加大，宏观世界大至天体运行、星系演化、宇宙起源，微观世界小至基因编辑、粒子结构、量子调控，都是当今世界科技发展的最前沿。科技创新深度显著加深，深空探测成为科技竞争的制高点，深海、深地探测为人类认识自然不断拓展新的视野。科技创新速度显著加快，以信息技术、人工智能为代表的新兴科技快速发展，大大拓展了时间、空间和人们认知范围，人类正在进入一个“人机物”三元融合的万物智能互联时代。生物科学基础研究和应用研究快速发展。科技创新精度显著加强，对生物大分子和基因的研究进入精准调控阶段，从认识生命、改造生命走向合成生命、设计生命，在给人类带来福祉的同时，也带来生命伦理的挑战。
At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing by leaps and bounds, the paradigm of scientific research is undergoing profound changes, the interdisciplinary integration is developing continuously, and the infiltration and integration of science and technology and economic and social development are accelerating. The breadth of scientific and technological innovation has increased significantly. The macro world is as big as celestial body operation, galaxy evolution, and universe origin, and the micro world is as small as gene editing, particle structure, and quantum control, which are the forefront of scientific and technological development in the world today. The depth of scientific and technological innovation has deepened significantly, and deep space exploration has become the commanding height of scientific and technological competition. Deep-sea and deep-earth exploration have continuously expanded new horizons for human understanding of nature. The speed of scientific and technological innovation has been significantly accelerated, and the rapid development of emerging technologies represented by information technology and artificial intelligence has greatly expanded the scope of time, space, and people's cognition. Human beings are entering an era of the intelligent interconnection of all things with the integration of "human-machine-object". Basic research and applied research in biological sciences have developed rapidly. The precision of scientific and technological innovation has been significantly enhanced, and the research on biological macromolecules and genes has entered the stage of precise intervention. From understanding life, transforming life, to synthesizing life and designing life, the developments not only bring benefits to human beings but also brings challenges to life and ethics.
经过多年努力，我国科技整体水平大幅提升，我们完全有基础、有底气、有信心、有能力抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革的机遇，乘势而上，大展宏图。同时，也要看到，我国原始创新能力还不强，创新体系整体效能还不高，科技创新资源整合还不够，科技创新力量布局有待优化，科技投入产出效益较低，科技人才队伍结构有待优化，科技评价体系还不适应科技发展要求，科技生态需要进一步完善。这些问题，很多是长期存在的难点，需要继续下大气力加以解决。
After years of efforts, the overall level of our country's science and technology has been greatly improved. We have the foundation, confidence, spirit, and ability to seize the opportunity of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and take advantage of the momentum to make great achievements. At the same time, we shall also see that our country's original innovation ability is not strong, the overall efficiency of the innovation system is not high, the integration of scientific and technological innovation resources is not enough, the layout of scientific and technological innovation forces needs to be optimized, the efficiency between scientific and technological input and output is low, the structure of scientific and technological talents needs to be optimized, the evaluation system of science and technology does not meet the requirements of the development of science and technology, and the scientific and technological ecology needs to be further improved. Many of these problems are long-standing difficulties, which need to be solved with sustained, great efforts.
党的十九大确立了到2035年跻身创新型国家前列的战略目标，党的十九届五中全会提出了坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑。立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展，必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，完善国家创新体系，加快建设科技强国，实现高水平科技自立自强。
The 19th National Congress of the CPC established the strategic goal of becoming one of the leading innovative countries by 2035. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC put forward that innovation should be in the core position in the overall situation of China's modernization construction, and self-reliance in science and technology should be the strategic support for national development. To be based on the new development stage, implementing the new development philosophy, and building a new development paradigm, we must promote high-quality development, we must implement the strategies of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and driving development through innovation, improve the national innovation system, speed up the construction of a strong country in science and technology, and achieve self-reliance in high-level science and technology.
第一，加强原创性、引领性科技攻关，坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战。科技立则民族立，科技强则国家强。加强基础研究是科技自立自强的必然要求，是我们从未知到已知、从不确定性到确定性的必然选择。要加快制定基础研究十年行动方案。基础研究要勇于探索、突出原创，推进对宇宙演化、意识本质、物质结构、生命起源等的探索和发现，拓展认识自然的边界，开辟新的认知疆域。基础研究更要应用牵引、突破瓶颈，从经济社会发展和国家安全面临的实际问题中凝练科学问题，弄通“卡脖子”技术的基础理论和技术原理。要加大基础研究财政投入力度、优化支出结构，对企业基础研究投入实行税收优惠，鼓励社会以捐赠和建立基金等方式多渠道投入，形成持续稳定的投入机制。
First, strengthen original and leading scientific and technological research, and resolutely win tough battles on key core technologies. If science and technology are established, the nation will be established, and if science and technology are strong, the country will be strong. Strengthening basic research is an inevitable requirement for science and technology to stand on its own feet, and an inevitable choice for us from unknown to known, from uncertainty to certainty. We shall speed up the formulation of a ten-year action plan for basic research. Basic research should be brave in exploring, highlighting originality, promoting the exploration and discovery of the evolution of the universe, the essence of consciousness, the material structure, the origin of life, etc., expanding the boundaries of understanding nature and opening up new cognitive boundaries. Basic research should be oriented by application, break through bottlenecks, find scientific problems from practical problems facing economic and social development and national security, and understand the basic theory and technical principle of "chokeneck" technology. We shall increase the financial investment in basic research, optimize the expenditure structure, implement tax incentives for enterprises' basic research investment, and encourage the society to make multi-channel investment by means of donations and establishing funds, so as to form a sustained and stable investment mechanism.
科技攻关要坚持问题导向，奔着最紧急、最紧迫的问题去。要从国家急迫需要和长远需求出发，在石油天然气、基础原材料、高端芯片、工业软件、农作物种子、科学试验用仪器设备、化学制剂等方面关键核心技术上全力攻坚，加快突破一批药品、医疗器械、医用设备、疫苗等领域关键核心技术。要在事关发展全局和国家安全的基础核心领域，瞄准人工智能、量子信息、集成电路、先进制造、生命健康、脑科学、生物育种、空天科技、深地深海等前沿领域，前瞻部署一批战略性、储备性技术研发项目，瞄准未来科技和产业发展的制高点。要优化财政科技投入，重点投向战略性、关键性领域。
To tackle key problems in science and technology, we shall stick to problem-orientation and rush to the most urgent and pressing problems. Proceeding from the urgent and long-term needs of the country, we shall make every effort to tackle key core technologies in oil and gas, basic raw materials, high-end chips, industrial software, crop seeds, instruments and equipment for scientific experiments, chemical agents, etc., and accelerate the breakthrough of a number of key core technologies in the fields of medicines, medical devices, medical equipment, vaccines, etc. In the basic core fields related to the overall development and national security, we shall aim at the frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, advanced manufacturing, life and health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace science and technology, deep and deep sea, and make forward-looking arrangements for a number of strategic and reserve technology research and development projects, aiming at the commanding heights of future science and technology and industrial development. We shall optimize financial investment in science and technology, focusing on strategic and key areas.
创新链产业链融合，关键是要确立企业创新主体地位。要增强企业创新动力，正向激励企业创新，反向倒逼企业创新。要发挥企业出题者作用，推进重点项目协同和研发活动一体化，加快构建龙头企业牵头、高校院所支撑、各创新主体相互协同的创新联合体，发展高效强大的共性技术供给体系，提高科技成果转移转化成效。
The key to the integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain is to let enterprise establish their positions as the main innovative bodies. We shall enhance the motivation behind enterprises’ innovation, incentivize enterprises’ innovation, and discourage enterprises from non-innovation. We shall give full play to the role of enterprises in identifying (scientific and technological) problems, promote the coordination of key projects and the integration of R&D activities. We shall speed up the construction of an innovation consortium led by leading enterprises, supported by universities and colleges, and coordinated by various innovation subjects; develop an efficient and powerful supply system for common technology, and improve the transfer and transformation effectiveness of scientific and technological achievements.
现代工程和技术科学是科学原理和产业发展、工程研制之间不可缺少的桥梁，在现代科学技术体系中发挥着关键作用。要大力加强多学科融合的现代工程和技术科学研究，带动基础科学和工程技术发展，形成完整的现代科学技术体系。
Modern engineering and technical science is an indispensable bridge between scientific principles, industrial development, and engineering research and development, and plays a key role in the modern science and technology system. We shall strengthen scientific research on modern engineering and technology with multidisciplinary integration, promote the development of basic science and engineering technology, and form a complete modern science and technology system.
第二，强化国家战略科技力量，提升国家创新体系整体效能。世界科技强国竞争，比拼的是国家战略科技力量。国家实验室、国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业都是国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，要自觉履行高水平科技自立自强的使命担当。
Second, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. World science and technology powers compete, and it is the national strategic science and technology power that they compete in. National laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading enterprises in science and technology are all important components of national strategic science and technology forces, and they should consciously fulfill the mission of high-level science and technology self-reliance.
国家实验室要按照“四个面向”的要求，紧跟世界科技发展大势，适应我国发展对科技发展提出的使命任务，多出战略性、关键性重大科技成果，并同国家重点实验室结合，形成中国特色国家实验室体系。
According to the requirements of the "Four Facings" (Facing the forefront of science and technology in the world, facing the main battlefield of the economy, facing the major needs of the country, and facing people's lives and health), the national laboratory shall keep up with the trend of world science and technology development, adapt to the mission and task put forward by our country's development, produce more strategic and key scientific and technological achievements, and combine with the state key laboratory to form a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics.
国家科研机构要以国家战略需求为导向，着力解决影响制约国家发展全局和长远利益的重大科技问题，加快建设原始创新策源地，加快突破关键核心技术。
National scientific research institutions shall be guided by national strategic needs, focus on solving major scientific and technological problems that affect the overall development and long-term interests of the country, accelerate the construction of original innovation sources, and accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies.
高水平研究型大学要把发展科技第一生产力、培养人才第一资源、增强创新第一动力更好结合起来，发挥基础研究深厚、学科交叉融合的优势，成为基础研究的主力军和重大科技突破的生力军。要强化研究型大学建设同国家战略目标、战略任务的对接，加强基础前沿探索和关键技术突破，努力构建中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，为培养更多杰出人才作出贡献。
High-level research universities shall combine the development of science and technology as the first productive force, the cultivation of talents as the first resource, and the enhancement of innovation as the first driving force. They shall give full play to the advantages of having profound basic research and interdisciplinary integration, and become the main force of basic research and the new force of major scientific and technological breakthroughs. We shall strengthen the connection between the construction of research universities and national strategic goals and tasks, strengthen the exploration of basic frontiers and key technological breakthroughs, and strive to build a discipline system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, so as to make contributions to cultivating more outstanding talents.
科技领军企业要发挥市场需求、集成创新、组织平台的优势，打通从科技强到企业强、产业强、经济强的通道。要以企业牵头，整合集聚创新资源，形成跨领域、大协作、高强度的创新基地，开展产业共性关键技术研发、科技成果转化及产业化、科技资源共享服务，推动重点领域项目、基地、人才、资金一体化配置，提升我国产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平。
Leading enterprises in science and technology shall give full play to the advantages of market demand, integrated innovation, and organizational platform, and open up the channel from strong science and technology to strong enterprise, industry, and economy. Enterprises shall take the lead, integrate and gather innovative resources, form cross-disciplinary, large-scale cooperation, and high-intensity innovation base, carry out research and development of key technologies of industrial commonality, transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and services-sharing of scientific and technological resources, promote the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talents, and funds in key areas, and enhance our country’s industrial basic capacity and industrial chain modernization level.
各地区要立足自身优势，结合产业发展需求，科学合理布局科技创新。要支持有条件的地方建设综合性国家科学中心或区域科技创新中心，使之成为世界科学前沿领域和新兴产业技术创新、全球科技创新要素的汇聚地。
Each region should base itself on its own advantages, combine the needs of industrial development, and scientifically and appropriately lay out scientific and technological innovation. We shall support the construction of comprehensive national science centers or regional science and technology innovation centers in places where conditions permit, so as to make them become the gathering places of technological innovation in the world's frontier fields of science and emerging industries, as well as the gathering places of the elements of global science and technology innovation.
第三，推进科技体制改革，形成支持全面创新的基础制度。要健全社会主义市场经济条件下新型举国体制，充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用，支持周期长、风险大、难度高、前景好的战略性科学计划和科学工程，抓系统布局、系统组织、跨界集成，把政府、市场、社会等各方面力量拧成一股绳，形成未来的整体优势。要推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，通过市场需求引导创新资源有效配置，形成推进科技创新的强大合力。
Third, promote the reform of the science and technology system and form a basic system that supports comprehensive innovation. We shall improve a new system concentrating nationwide effort and resources on key national undertakings under the socialist market economy, give full play to the role of the state as the organizer of major scientific and technological innovations, support strategic scientific plans and scientific projects with long cycles, high risks, high difficulties, and good prospects, and pay attention to system layout, system organization, and cross-discipline integration, so as to join the forces of government, market, and society and form the overall advantages in the future. We shall promote a better combination of effective market and able government, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, guide the effective allocation of innovative resources through market demand, and form a strong joint force to promote scientific and technological innovation.
要重点抓好完善评价制度等基础改革，坚持质量、绩效、贡献为核心的评价导向，全面准确反映成果创新水平、转化应用绩效和对经济社会发展的实际贡献。在项目评价上，要建立健全符合科研活动规律的评价制度，完善自由探索型和任务导向型科技项目分类评价制度，建立非共识科技项目的评价机制。在人才评价上，要“破四唯”和“立新标”并举，加快建立以创新价值、能力、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系。要支持科研事业单位探索试行更灵活的薪酬制度，稳定并强化从事基础性、前沿性、公益性研究的科研人员队伍，为其安心科研提供保障。
We shall focus on the basic reforms in improving the evaluation system and others, adhere to the evaluation orientation with quality, performance, and contribution at the core, and comprehensively and accurately reflect the level of the researches’ achievement in innovation, performance in transformation and application, and actual contribution to economic and social development. In the evaluation of research projects, we shall establish and improve the evaluation system conforming to the laws of scientific research activities, improve the system in classification and evaluation for scientific and technological projects in free exploration and task-orientation, and establish the evaluation mechanism of scientific and technological projects which may reflect results that are not fully in line with the scientific consensus. In evaluating talents, we shall "break the Siwei" (evaluations based solely on four areas - papers, titles, education background, and awards") and "set new standards" simultaneously, and speed up the establishment of an evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented by innovation value, ability, and contribution. We shall support scientific research institutions to explore a more flexible salary system, stabilize and strengthen the team of scientific research personnel engaged in basic, cutting-edge, and public welfare research, and provide assurances and stability for their devotion to research.
科技管理改革不能只做“加法”，要善于做“减法”。要拿出更大的勇气推动科技管理职能转变，按照抓战略、抓改革、抓规划、抓服务的定位，转变作风，提升能力，减少分钱、分物、定项目等直接干预，强化规划政策引导，给予科研单位更多自主权，赋予科学家更大技术路线决定权和经费使用权，让科研单位和科研人员从繁琐、不必要的体制机制束缚中解放出来！
Science and technology management reform should not only be about "addition", but also be good at "subtraction". We shall use greater courage to promote the transformation of science and technology management functions, position science and technology management to be focused on strategizing, reforming, planning, and servicing, change the style of work, improve the ability, reduce direct interventions such as allocating money, material, and projects, strengthen planning, policy-making, and guiding, give scientific research institutions more autonomy, and give scientists greater decision-making power on technical routes and fund use. We shall free scientific research institutions and researchers from cumbersome and unnecessary institutional constraints.
创新不问出身，英雄不论出处。要改革重大科技项目立项和组织管理方式，实行“揭榜挂帅”、“赛马”等制度。要研究真问题，形成真榜、实榜。要真研究问题，让那些想干事、能干事、干成事的科技领军人才挂帅出征，推行技术总师负责制、经费包干制、信用承诺制，做到不论资历、不设门槛，让有真才实学的科技人员英雄有用武之地！
Innovation doesn't ask about the innovators’ family background, and whether one is a hero has nothing to do with where he or she comes from. We shall reform the way of setting up major scientific and technological projects and organizing and managing them and implement the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates in leading researches. We shall study the real problems and let the open competition be real. We shall seriously study problems, let those scientific and technological leaders who want to lead, can lead, and accomplish leading go out in command, and implement the system of the chief technical officer taking charge, the system of fixed quotas for revenues and expenditures, and the system of credit commitment. We shall make sure that there are no preconditions on qualifications and thresholds so that the scientific and technological personnel with real talents can exercise their talents.
第四，构建开放创新生态，参与全球科技治理。科学技术具有世界性、时代性，是人类共同的财富。要统筹发展和安全，以全球视野谋划和推动创新，积极融入全球创新网络，聚焦气候变化、人类健康等问题，加强同各国科研人员的联合研发。要主动设计和牵头发起国际大科学计划和大科学工程，设立面向全球的科学研究基金。
Fourth, build an open and innovative ecology and participate in global science and technology governance. Science and technology are cosmopolitan and contemporary and are the shared wealth of mankind. We shall coordinate development and security, plan and promote innovation from a global perspective, actively integrate into the global innovation network, focus on climate change, human health, and other issues, and strengthen joint research and development with researchers from other countries. We shall actively design and take the lead in launching international large-scale scientific programs and projects, and set up global-oriented scientific research funds.
科技是发展的利器，也可能成为风险的源头。要前瞻研判科技发展带来的规则冲突、社会风险、伦理挑战，完善相关法律法规、伦理审查规则及监管框架。要深度参与全球科技治理，贡献中国智慧，塑造科技向善的文化理念，让科技更好增进人类福祉，让中国科技为推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献！
Science and technology is a sharp weapon for development, and may also become the source of risks. We shall look forward to the conflicts of rules, social risks, and ethical challenges brought about by the development of science and technology, and improve relevant laws and regulations, ethical review rules, and regulatory framework. We shall deeply participate in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, shape the cultural concept that science and technology are for good, enable science and technology to better enhance human well-being, and let Chinese science and technology make greater contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
第五，激发各类人才创新活力，建设全球人才高地。世界科技强国必须能够在全球范围内吸引人才、留住人才、用好人才。我国要实现高水平科技自立自强，归根结底要靠高水平创新人才。
Fifth, stimulate the innovation vitality of all kinds of talents and build a global talent highland. A world science and technology power must be able to attract, retain, and make good use of talents on a global scale. Ultimately, to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, our country needs to depend on high-level innovative talents.
培养创新型人才是国家、民族长远发展的大计。当今世界的竞争说到底是人才竞争、教育竞争。要更加重视人才自主培养，更加重视科学精神、创新能力、批判性思维的培养培育。要更加重视青年人才培养，努力造就一批具有世界影响力的顶尖科技人才，稳定支持一批创新团队，培养更多高素质技术技能人才、能工巧匠、大国工匠。我国教育是能够培养出大师来的，我们要有这个自信！要在全社会营造尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的环境，形成崇尚科学的风尚，让更多的青少年心怀科学梦想、树立创新志向。“栽下梧桐树，引来金凤凰。”要构筑集聚全球优秀人才的科研创新高地，完善高端人才、专业人才来华工作、科研、交流的政策。
Cultivating innovative talents is the great plan for the long-term development of our country and nation. Ultimately, the competition in today's world is a talent competition and education competition. We should pay more attention to the independent cultivation of talents and the cultivation of scientific spirit, innovative ability, and critical thinking. We should pay more attention to the training of young talents, strive to train a group of top scientific and technological talents with a world influence, stably support a group of innovative teams, and train more high-quality technical and technical talents, skilled craftsmen, and great craftsmen commensurate a big country. Our country's education can produce masters - we shall be confident in that! We shall create an environment that respects labor, knowledge, talents, and creation in the whole society, and form a fashion of advocating science so that more teenagers can cherish dreams in science and set up ambitions in innovation. "Planting phoenix trees and golden phoenix can be attracted." We shall build a scientific research innovation highland that gathers outstanding talents from all over the world, and improve the policies for high-end talents and professionals to work, research, and conduct exchanges in China.
科技创新离不开科技人员持久的时间投入。为了保证科研人员的时间，1961年中央就曾提出“保证科技人员每周有5天时间搞科研工作”。保障时间就是保护创新能力！要建立让科研人员把主要精力放在科研上的保障机制，让科技人员把主要精力投入科技创新和研发活动。各类应景性、应酬性活动少一点科技人员参加，不会带来什么损失！决不能让科技人员把大量时间花在一些无谓的迎来送往活动上，花在不必要的评审评价活动上，花在形式主义、官僚主义的种种活动上！
Scientific and technological innovation can only come from the long-term investment of time from scientific and technological personnel. In order to ensure the time of scientific researchers, in 1961, the Central Committee put forward the idea of "ensuring scientific and technological personnel have five days every week to do scientific research." Guaranteeing time (for scientific and technological personnel) is to protect innovation capabilities! We shall establish a mechanism that ensures scientific research personnel focuses on scientific research, so as scientific and technological personnel focuses the majority of their energy and time on scientific and technological innovation and research and development activities. There will be no loss if scientific and technical personnel participate less in all kinds of social courtesy activities! We must not let scientific and technical personnel spend a lot of time on unnecessary activities in meeting and sending off people, unnecessary evaluations, and formalism and bureaucratic activities!
各位院士，同志们、朋友们！
Fellow Academicians, Comrades, and Friends!
中国科学院、中国工程院是国家科学技术界和工程科技界的最高学术机构，是国家战略科技力量。要发挥两院作为国家队的学术引领作用、关键核心技术攻关作用、创新人才培养作用，解决重大原创的科学问题，勇闯创新“无人区”，突破制约发展的关键核心技术，发现、培养、集聚一批高素质人才和高水平创新团队。要强化两院的国家高端智库职能，发挥战略科学家作用，积极开展咨询评议，服务国家决策。
Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering are the highest academic institutions in national science and technology circles and engineering science and technology circles, and they are national strategic science and technology forces. We shall give full play to the two Academies as the national team in leading academic studies, researching key core technologies, nurturing innovative talents, solving major original scientific problems, boldly entering"no man's land", breaking through the key core technologies that restrict development, and discovering, training and gathering a group of high-quality talents and high-level innovative teams. We shall strengthen two Academies’ functions in being the national high-end thinktanks, enable strategic scientists to play their roles, and actively carry out consultation and evaluation to serve national decision-making.
中国科协要肩负起党和政府联系科技工作者桥梁和纽带的职责，坚持为科技工作者服务、为创新驱动发展服务、为提高全民科学素质服务、为党和政府科学决策服务，更广泛地把广大科技工作者团结在党的周围，弘扬科学家精神，涵养优良学风。要坚持面向世界、面向未来，增进对国际科技界的开放、信任、合作，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
China Association for Science and Technology shall shoulder the responsibility of linking the Party and the government with scientific and technological workers, insist on serving scientific and technological workers, serving innovation-driven development, serving the people’s improvement in understanding of science, serving the scientific decision-making of the Party and the government, uniting the scientific and technological workers around the party more widely, carrying forward the spirit of scientists and cultivating a fine academic atmosphere. We must persist in facing the world and facing the future, enhance openness, trust, and cooperation with the international scientific and technological community, and make greater contributions to building a socialist modern country in an all-around way and promoting a community with a shared future for mankind.
院士是我国科学技术方面和工程科技领域的最高荣誉称号。两院院士是国家的财富、人民的骄傲、民族的光荣。党的十八届三中全会以来，我们改革院士制度，取得积极成效。党的十九届五中全会提出深化院士制度改革，让院士称号进一步回归荣誉性、学术性。在院士评选中要打破论资排辈，杜绝非学术性因素的影响，加强社会监督，维护院士称号的纯洁性。
Academician is the highest honorary title in the fields of science and technology and engineering science and technology in our country. Academicians of the two Academies are the wealth of the country, the pride of the people, and the glory of the nation. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, we have reformed the Academician system and achieved positive results. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to deepen the reform of the Academician system so that the title of Academician would return to honor and academic nature. In the selection of Academicians, we shall break decision-making on rank and treatment solely based on seniority, eliminate the influence of non-academic factors, strengthen supervision from the society and maintain the purity of the title of the Academician.
这里，我给院士们提几点希望。
Here, I would like to say some hopes for the Academicians.
——希望广大院士做胸怀祖国、服务人民的表率。在中华民族伟大复兴的征程上，一代又一代科学家心系祖国和人民，不畏艰难，无私奉献，为科学技术进步、人民生活改善、中华民族发展作出了重大贡献。新时代更需要继承发扬以国家民族命运为己任的爱国主义精神，更需要继续发扬以爱国主义为底色的科学家精神。广大院士要不忘初心、牢记使命，响应党的号召，听从祖国召唤，保持深厚的家国情怀和强烈的社会责任感，为党、为祖国、为人民鞠躬尽瘁、不懈奋斗！
——I hope that the Academicians will set an example of caring for the motherland and serving the people. On the journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, generations of scientists have made great contributions to the progress of science and technology, the improvement of people's lives, and the development of the Chinese nation. In the New Era, it is even more necessary to inherit and carry forward the patriotic spirit which holds the national destiny as your own responsibility, and to continue to carry forward the spirit of scientists where patriotism is the background color. Academicians should not forget their original intentions, remember their mission, respond to the call of the Party, listen to the call of the motherland, maintain deep feelings for the family and the nation and a strong sense of social responsibility, and make unremitting efforts for the Party, the motherland and the people!
——希望广大院士做追求真理、勇攀高峰的表率。科学以探究真理、发现新知为使命。一切真正原创的知识，都需要冲破现有的知识体系。“善学者尽其理，善行者究其难。”广大院士要勇攀科学高峰，敢为人先，追求卓越，努力探索科学前沿，发现和解决新的科学问题，提出新的概念、理论、方法，开辟新的领域和方向，形成新的前沿学派。要攻坚克难、集智攻关，瞄准“卡脖子”的关键核心技术难题，带领团队作出重大突破。
—— I hope that Academicians will set an example in pursuing truth and bravely climbing the peak (in science and technology). Science takes exploring truth and discovering new knowledge as its mission. All truly original knowledge needs to break through the existing knowledge system. "Those who are good at learning exhaust the principles. Those who are good at practicing seeks to solve the most difficult problems" The Academicians shall bravely climb the peak in science, be the first, pursue excellence, strive to explore the scientific frontier, discover and solve new scientific problems, put forward new concepts, theories and methods, open up new fields and directions, and form schools on new frontiers. Academicians shall overcome difficulties and gather wisdom to tackle key problems, focus on the "chokeneck" problems in key core technologies, and lead their teams to make major breakthroughs.
——希望广大院士做坚守学术道德、严谨治学的表率。诚信是科学精神的必然要求。广大院士要做学术道德的楷模，坚守学术道德和科研伦理，践行学术规范，让学术道德和科学精神内化于心、外化于行，涵养风清气正的科研环境，培育严谨求是的科学文化。人的精力是有限的，院士们要更加专注于科研，尽量减少兼职，更加聚焦本专业领域。
—— I hope that the Academicians will set an example by adhering to academic ethics and rigorous scholarship. Honesty is the inevitable requirement of the scientific spirit. Academicians should be role models in academic ethics, stick to academic ethics and scientific research ethics, practice academic norms, internalize academic ethics and scientific spirit into the heart and externalize them into practice, cultivate a scientific research environment with a clean and positive atmosphere, and cultivate a science culture that is rigorous and demanding. People's energy is limited. Academicians shall focus more on scientific research, minimize part-time jobs, and focus more on their professional fields.
——希望广大院士做甘为人梯、奖掖后学的表率。“江山代有才人出”，“自古英雄出少年”。广大院士要在创新人才培养中发挥识才、育才、用才的导师作用。“才者，材也，养之贵素，使之贵器。”要言传身教，发扬学术民主，甘做提携后学的铺路石和领路人，大力破除论资排辈、圈子文化，鼓励年轻人大胆创新、勇于创新，让青年才俊像泉水一样奔涌而出。
—— I hope that the academicians will set an example by being willing to be a ladder for others and reward and promote future generations. "Each age brings forth new genius on this noble land", "Heroes come out of teenagers since ancient times". Academicians should play the role of mentor in the cultivation of innovative talents. "The key with talents is to grow them in normal times and then give full play to their capabilities." It is necessary to teach by words and deeds, promote democracy in academic life, be willing to be the paving stone and the herald, vigorously break decision-making on rank and treatment solely based on seniority, vigorously break the culture of small cliques, encourage young people to innovate boldly and bravely, and let young talents rush out like spring water.
各级党委和政府要充分尊重人才，对院士要政治上关怀、工作上支持、生活上关心，认真听取包括院士在内的广大科研人员意见，加强对科研活动的科学管理和服务保障，为科研人员创造良好创新环境。
Party committees and governments at all levels should fully respect talents, care for Academicians politically, support them at work and care for their lives, listen carefully to the opinions of researchers including Academicians, strengthen scientific management and service guarantee for scientific research activities, and create a good innovation environment for researchers.
各位院士，同志们、朋友们！
Fellow Academicians, Comrades, and Friends!
全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程已经开启，向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的号角已经吹响。让我们团结起来，勇于创新、顽强拼搏，为建成世界科技强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴不断作出新的更大贡献！
The new journey of building a socialist modernized country in an all-around way has started, and the clarion call for marching toward the goal of the second century has sounded. Let us unite, be brave in innovation, work hard, and make new and greater contributions to building a world power in science and technology and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!
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The full English translation without the original Mandarin is available in a PDF file shared on Google Drive.